Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of medical conditions
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a group of medical conditions that are not caused by infectious agents and cannot be transmitted directly from person to person. These diseases typically have a more gradual onset. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies four major types of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) that are responsible for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. These are often referred to as the "Big Four" NCDs:
01. Cardiovascular Disease (CVDs) : This category includes conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. Common cardiovascular diseases include coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and hypertension (high blood pressure).
02. Cancer: Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. There are many types of cancer, affecting various organs and tissues. Examples include lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer.
03. Chronic respiratory diseases: Chronic respiratory diseases affect the airways and structures of the lungs. Conditions in this category include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and interstitial lung diseases.
04. Diabetes: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, which is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, and Type 2 diabetes, which is more common in adults and is often associated with lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are often influenced by lifestyle-related, modifiable risk factors. These factors can be modified through changes in behavior, habits, and choices. Addressing these modifiable risk factors is key to preventing and managing NCDs. Here are some lifestyle-related modifiable risk factors commonly associated with NCDs.
01. Unhealthy diet :
a. High caloric intake: consuming more calories than the body needs can contribute to overweight and obesity. Being obese is a significant risk factor for various NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain cancers.
Regular monitoring of Body Mass Index (BMI) and adjust carbohydrate and caloric intake is recommended.
b. High sugar intake: Diets high in added sugars are linked to conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases and other NCDs.
c. High salt intake: Excessive salt consumption is associated with hypertension and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
02. Physical Inactivity: Lack of physical activity is a significant risk factor for health. Sedentary lifestyle contributes to various health issues including musculoskeletal problems and poor mental health.
Recommended daily physical activity is minimum of moderate level exercise more than half an hour for at least five days for week.
03. Tobacco and Alcohol consumption: Using Smokeless tobacco products, Smoking tobacco and exposure to secondhand smoke are major contributors to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and various types of cancer.
alcohol consumption is linked to liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases, certain cancers, and mental health disorders.
Individuals can reduce their risk of NCDs by incorporating healthy habits into their daily lives and seeking support from healthcare professionals when needed. Public health campaigns and policies also play a crucial role in encouraging and facilitating healthier lifestyles for the population.
In Sabaragamuwa province “Healthy Lifestyle Centers” were established in every primary health care institution (more than 130 throughout the province) for screening the empaneled population for NCD risk factors, early diagnosis, and proper management. If you are more than 35 years old, consult the nearest hospital and have a proper understanding of your health and wellbeing.
Dr(Mrs) Disala Chandi Welgama
Registrar in Community Medicine
Leave a comment